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Ulcek, Evaluating Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, FCC OET Bulletin, vol. ICNIRP, “Guidelines for limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz),” Health Phys., vol. R-11/269/19, Jadavpur University).Ĭonflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article. Research funding: This study was funded by Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) 2.0 scheme, Govt. Hence, direct definition of SAR limits for plant and fruit structures should be adopted even in far field in conjunction with reference power density.Īuthors acknowledge School of Nuclear Studies and Application, Jadavpur University for making the open ended coaxial dielectric measurement kit available.Īuthor contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission. Observations indicate different order of changes in SAR for different fruit structures due to similar combinations of frequency, power density, angle of incidence, and wave polarization. Moreover, variations in observed SAR data are also compared with previously reported variations in SAR data for a multilayer fruit structure. This whole course of action is repeated over five different frequency bands. At a particular frequency, reasonable variations in magnitude and position of maximum local point (MLP) SAR, 1 g averaged SAR, and 10 g averaged SAR data have been noted for six different combinations of angle of incidence and wave polarization. Broadband dielectric properties of water apples have been measured using open ended coaxial probe technique thereafter, measured dielectric properties have been fed into the designed model.
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To address these issues in detail, a typical bunch of three single layered water apples has been prototyped and exposed to plane wave irradiation at five different frequency bands as per the existing Indian electromagnetic regulatory guidelines. Unlike humans, plants and fruits are of asymmetric shapes and sizes therefore even at a particular frequency and fixed reference power density, electromagnetic energy absorption rate i.e., SAR in plants and fruits is expected to differ depending upon angle of incidence and wave polarization. Unfortunately, there is not much concern regarding electromagnetic energy absorption in plants and fruits, and no prescribed SAR limit in spite of recent reports in literature. At the same time, plants and fruits also absorb reasonable amount of electromagnetic energy due to high permittivity and electrical conductivity. In addition, reference power density limit has also been prescribed in far field for human safety. For restricting human exposure to electromagnetic radiation in near field, a quantitative term ‘specific absorption rate (SAR) limit’ has been coined and well established in literature. Thus, a combined electromagnetic and circuit optimization task can easily be defined, where the typical goal is to design an antenna or antenna system such that the total efficiency is maximized, using a realistic matching circuit with available off-the-shelf discrete component models.Electromagnetic regulatory guidelines prescribed by the international and national organizations are in effect worldwide to protect humans from immediate health effects. In addition, CST MICROWAVE STUDIO's template based post-processing tools can be used to automatically apply Optenni Lab within a parameter sweep or an optimization task in CST MICROWAVE STUDIO. Post-processing templates for parameter sweeps and optimization in CST MICROWAVE STUDIO
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Synthesize the circuits in Optenni Lab, and right click any of the generated circuits and select "Transfer circuit to CST DESIGN STUDIO" whereafter the circuit is constructed on the CST DESIGN STUDIO schematic, connected to external ports and simulated.In CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® use the command "Home->Macros->Matching Circuits->Launch Optenni Lab" to launch Optenni Lab using the simulated impedance and radiation pattern data.Launching Optenni Lab from CST STUDIO SUITEĬustomers who have both CST STUDIO SUITE® and Optenni Lab licenses can easily construct matching circuits in Optenni Lab using the impedance and radiation pattern data calculated in CST STUDIO SUITE and return the optimized matching circuits back to CST DESIGN STUDIO™.